Hobbes And The State Of Nature - 1474 Words

1. According to Hobbes the state of nature leads to a war of all against all. What Hobbes refers to when he discusses the state of nature is a state in which there are no civil powers. To reach his conclusion about how the world would be in the state of nature, Hobbes first explains what human nature is and then explains the relationship between man and civil government. As Hobbes sees it men are naturally in conflict. Hobbes sees three reasons for this. They are competition, diffidence, and glory. Following from the right of nature, which states that all men have the liberty to promote their own life, men naturally desire to obtain resources so as to promote their own life and obtain some form of the good. Yet there are only so many resources, and so men enter into conflict over competition of who will be able to have the limited resources, since only one person can own each resource. . Diffidence follows from this competition. Since all men are equal in terms of mind and body, meaning that any man could kill any other man, men constantly feel threatened by other men. So, as a way promote their own self preservation, men seek out their enemies, which is every other person, and attempt to get rid of the threat they possess rather than let themselves be harmed by the threat. So, men are proactive in defeating their enemies. Finally, men enter into conflict via glory. Men value their honor and desire to be treated in a certain way. When this honor is damaged men lash out soShow MoreRelatedHobbes And The State Of Nature1549 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes, a 17th century English philosopher outlines in his book Leviathan (1651) that the state of nature is a state of â€Å"warre, as if of every man, against every man†. Hobbes sets out his moral philosophy with regard to human nature; the way humans behave amongst each other and the state of nature; the natura l condition of human interaction as a proceed of nature. Hobbes uses the state of nature as a mechanism for demonstrating the preconditions of a political society. By highlighting theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1387 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes describes the state of nature in which men, driven by appetites and aversions, are constantly in a state of competition and conflict with one another. Because there are limited resources like food and shelter and people have a desire for the same end, there is no peace or unity in society. Every man must fend for himself in this individualistic, power struggle. The combination of finite resources, mistrust of other men, and equality of power in the state of nature, an unending state ofRead MoreHobbes And The Natural State Of Nature Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes political philosophy lies in his delineations of two distinct conditions which men can reside in; the state of nature, and the commonwealth led by a sovereign, otherwise referred to as the Leviathan. In order to illustrate how the former state gives way to the latter, Hobbes constructs a perception of nature in which the lives of men are riddled with ambiguity, fear, and distrust. He proposes, then, that the optimal civil society is not constructed by embracing the natural state of manRead MoreThe State of Nature in Hobbes ´ Leviathan1062 Words   |  4 PagesIn his text, Leviathan, Hobbes argues that the generation of all states ,regardless of what type of state, comes from the need to escape a common fear among all men. In other words, there is generally no great difference between one type of state from the other in terms of the ends that such states seek to achieve. The generation of all states, ,principalities or republics, comes from the common fear of what Hobbes dubs â€Å"the state of nature† (54). The state of nature is essentially life in an anarchicRead MoreHobbes Account Of The State Of Nature2258 Words   |  10 PagesDoes Hobbes’ account of the ‘State of Nature’ involve a false generalisation about human nature? Hobbes’ state of nature has been used as a philosophical and political basis for the actions and policies of many modern governments. According to Hobbes, the state of nature is â€Å"the Naturall Condition of Mankind, as concerning their Felicity, and Misery.† The Hobbesian state of nature was a condition in which many European peoples existed under conditions of â€Å"high moral density† or morality butRead MoreThe State Of Nature By Thomas Hobbes2160 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Swain Paper 2 PS 171 (1) The state of nature as Thomas Hobbes claims is violent, dangerous and solitary. In a state of nature mankind is subjected to constant fear of death and it essentially runs every aspect of mans life. Yet a human is a rational being and there is a drive to get rid of this fear, one of the rights that Hobbes brings up is the right of self preservation and the fact that a man must not bring harm to himself. Hobbes discusses how natural rights are different than naturalRead MoreThe State Of Nature By Thomas Hobbes3347 Words   |  14 Pagesmen live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war as is of every man against every man.†1 Here Thomas Hobbes portrays the state of nature; in which life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.2 He then proposes a social contract where people of the state enter into a commonwealth governed by an absolute power. Through this social contract, the people give up their rig ht to â€Å"everything† to the sovereign in exchange for securityRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers the notion of the State of Nature, a concept used to describe the hypothetical conditions of human life before the development of societies, is important in determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. In this essay I am going to use the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau to explain how their notions of the State of Nature shape the way they envisionRead MoreHobbes V State of Nature Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes claims that in a state of nature, people are constantly fighting against each other, and the only way to overcome this is to form a commonwealth. He does this by going over the conditions that describe a state of nature, certain rights that all people have in natur e, and the method for transferring these rights, by way of a pledge to a sovereign, whether it to the one person, or a group of people in order to achieve a state of peace. While Hobbes makes a very clear argument, it doesRead MoreThe State of Nature: Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury1691 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will present three reasons as to why the absolute authority of the sovereign in Hobbes’s state of nature and social contract is justified. The three reasons Hobbes uses are: the argument from contract, the argument from authorisation and the argument from weakness of mixed or divided sovereignty. Firstly, I shall explain Hobbes’s understanding of human nature and the natural condition of humanity which causes the emergence of the social contract. I shall then analyse each argument

The Way of the Shepherd - 687 Words

Lloyd G. Hernandez MA 302 The Way of the Shepherd Two thumbs up for this wonderfully written book. This is a guide not just for wannabe managers but for everyone: down from students to ordinary people. This is I think could be a guide for a better way to live and interact with people around us. I really had a very good time reading the book and will be reading this one over and over again. The book is very easy to understand. The summary of the book will lead to the 7 Principles of the Way of the Shepherd: 1. Know the Condition of Your Flock - In here the book suggested that to be an effective leader/manager, it is elementary to know the condition of your people and the status of their work. You get to know†¦show more content†¦A leader should treat equal importance to all employees of whatever position they handle and is ready to remove someone who might cause disaster to the group. A good leader is someone who is visible to their people most of the times and is regularly rotating their people for them to be able to mentally enhanced their capabilities 5. The Staff of Direction - The 5th principle teaches us that to become a good leader/manager, directing people with persuasion rather than coercion is very essential. A good leader gives freedom to their men but always instill in their minds the boundaries and limits to where there freedom is only up to. A good leader gets in the way when their people gets in trouble and reminds them that failure isn’t fatal after all. 6. The Rod of Correction - The 6th principle teaches us that to be a good leader/manager it should always be in a leader’s mind and heart to Protect, Correct and inspect their men. A good leader fights for their men against attacks from other men but corrects them privately if they found it that it was their men’s fault. An efficient leader also sees to it that he knows the progress of their men and how they are doing in their works. 7. The Heart of the Shepherd - The last principle could probably be the very important. The author suggested that great leadership is a lifestyle, not a technique. Great leadership always involves the heart of theShow MoreRelatedComparison Of The Passionate Shepherd To His Love992 Words   |  4 Pagespoems, â€Å"The passionate Shepherd to His love† and â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† the viewpoints are very different. The Shepherd is madly in love with the Nymph and compares her to nature. The Nymphs feelings towards the Shepherds view is the opposite. She does not love the Shepherd back in the way he wants her to, and she does not like to compare him to nature. The Shepherd is hoping to return with the Nymph to an Edenic life of free love. Nymphs grow old and Shepherds grow cold. The viewpointsRead More The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Nymph’s Reply to the852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Nym ph’s Reply to the Shepherd: A comparison ‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’ was written by Christopher Marlowe. The poem describes a shepherd’s plea to someone he loves urging them to live with him. Marlowe uses imagery to describe the scenery around the shepherd and his love. The shepherd tries to convince her how happy they will be, surrounded by â€Å"mountain yields† and â€Å"groves† in stanza one. Marlowe does not only use imagery in hisRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay604 Words   |  3 Pagesoccur between the poem, â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and â€Å"The Nymph to the Shepherd.† These differences are mostly with themes, imagery, and diction. â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† was written by Christopher Marlowe and it was the first written of the two poems. â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† was written in response to that poem, but it was written by Sir Walter Raleigh. The themes to these two poems vary greatly. â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† carries the theme that loveRead MoreThe Ever Growing Limb874 Words   |  4 PagesEver Growing Limb Once upon a time there lived an unhappy shepherd who lived on Canal Rd right under the bridge that was always chilly. He had no shoes, only socks. However, the unhappy shepherd a major problem with his big toe. It never seemed to stop growing. His motherless mother who lived in a rich neighborhood put him out at the age of 65. She told him that it was about that time he move out and start a life of his own. Shepherd the poor child, just could not imagine himself living anywhereRead MoreProtecting Animals with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 865 Words   |  4 PagesSea Shepherd Conservation Society The Sea Shepherds are group of volunteers who try to protect the sea animals, and capture criminals who kill the animals without permits. Their website has many purposes, one dedicate to collect donations from the reader. Furthermore, they want to protect the ocean wildlife. The website audience includes people who want to protect the ocean, and they want to save the sea animals which will likely be extinct. They offer the audience a chance to donate, volunteerRead MoreOdysseus, An Egotistical Cretin1112 Words   |  5 Pages Odysseus tells Athena, whom he believes is a shepherd, a false account, of how he came to Ithaca, primarily since he needs to keep his identity a secret, familiarize himself with the situation on Ithaca and formulate a plan to execute the suitors. He perceives that he has arrived in a mist-shrouded and unknown land. And thus secondarily, he needs to present a feasible reason for being alone and stranded with copious amounts of treasure for safety reasons as well as to allay suspicion in relationRead More The British Renaissance Produced Many Types of Literature Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Marlowes quot;The Passionate Shepherd to His Lovequot; portrays one of the typical love poems that can be seen from the Renaissance. A man is in search of the love of another girl, or woman. Sir Walter Raleigh wrote a poem in response to this passage of Marlowes entitled quot;The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd.quot; Although the name of the girl is not stated anywhere in the former poem, Raleigh decided to use a wood nymph as his subject. The Shepherd seems to be a meaningful man. His pleadRead MoreThe Alchemist Book Review984 Words   |  4 PagesAlchemist† written by Paulo Coelho revolves around dreams, symbols, and adventure. It tells of a young shepherd named Santiago who travels around Andalusia and once dreams of a treasure hidden in the pyramids of Egypt. It is a book full of wisdom and life lessons used to achieved one’s dreams and fulfill self-happiness. The story opens in the mythical region of Andalusia in Spain. The shepherd travels along this place to feed his sheep and to sell wool to merchants. There he finds peace in the familiarityRead MoreEveryman and the Second Shepherds Play Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesEveryman and The Second Shepherds Play Everyman and The Second Shepherds Play remind the audience that good deeds are necessary for redemption, however, they reinforce the idea that we must shun material concerns to be redeemed. Both plays seek to reinforce these aspects of redemption to insure that all may be redeemed. The world is imperfect, and the only way we can make ourselves perfect and worthy of redemption is by not worrying about our material well being and performing good deedsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Nymphs Reply: Love is Eternal and Humble, Not Temporary and Materialistic1121 Words   |  5 PagesPassionate Shepherd to His Love† and â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† are perfect examples of different views of love. These poems have similar structures, but the two speakers have different points of view about love and reality. To begin with, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is a pastoral poem written by Christopher Marlowe in the late sixteenth century. Pastoral is a term that comes from the Latin word for shepherd: pastor. The pastoral poem is one that deals with shepherds and rustic

How The Employees Are A Sign Of Race Discrimination

Have you ever walked into a department store or a restaurant and noticed the employees or managers? Whenever I attend one of these establishments I noticed that the employees are either of color or Hispanic while the managers are Caucasian. In these establishments these employees are cleaning or just doing basic jobs around the store, for example, working on the cash register, stocking, and etc. And in most cases there aren’t many upper level managers like store managers to be exact that are colored people. I came to the conclusion that colored people don’t have major roles in establishments or don’t even work in these establishments. I believe these acts are a sign of race discrimination. In conducting this research I plan to go to different department stores and restaurants in one day and observe what race are the employees and how many people of color are working. On research day I attended a local restaurant called Cracker Barrel. When I walked in I observed the place and automatically noticed a person of color at the hostess stand. As she escorted us to our table I looked around to observe all of the waitresses on their attitudes towards the customers. I walked around the store and to the bathroom and that is when I noticed most of the waitresses were not of color. The managers were as well not of color and neither was the cashier, which was really shocking to me because in most establishments there are people of color working the cash register. I personally knowShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act1248 Words   |  5 Pageswomen earn 64 cents, while Latin American women earn a mere 55 cents. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act became one of the many stepping stones in achieving equal pay. Women must continue to make people aware of the discrimination they faced in the workplace on a daily basis. Wage discrimination is embedded in our legal system. The ongoing battle for equal pay for women dates back to the Civil War. Throughout history, men seemed as the ideal-type of employers. Men were primary the breadwinners, and womenRead MoreEssay On Age Discrimination942 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Discrimination: It is illegal to discriminate based on race, religion, gender, or national original when hiring or in the workplace. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) practice is important in every work places. Different Types of Employment Discrimination †¢ Age †¢ Gender †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Skin Color †¢ National Origin †¢ Mental or Physical Disability †¢ Genetic Information †¢ Relationship to someone who may be discriminated against †¢ Pregnancy or Parenthood Age discrimination is a practiceRead MoreEmployment Discrimination During The United States1297 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment discrimination strikes numerous gatherings of people and has been going on for a long time. In the U.S., this type of discrimination happens at whatever point a business or its delegates purposely single out representatives or candidates on the premise of age, race, sex, sexual introduction, incapacity, religion and an assortment of different reasons. Laws have been readied to debilitate segregation from happening. Rise to circumstances laws plan to make a level playing field with theRead MoreWhat Do The Anti Discrimination Laws Say? Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesYou’ve probably seen these signs at restaurants: â€Å"We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone.† Or, â€Å"No shirt, no shoes, no service.† But what do these signs really mean? Can a business just refuse service to someone? Can they throw you out if you forgot your flip-flops on the beach? When is a refusal to serve someone justified and when is it discrimination that could lead to a lawsuit? The issue made big headlines recently, when the state of Indiana passed its Religious Freedom RestorationRead MoreCase Study H/R813 Words   |  4 Pages1. Discuss the challenges faced by HR management when significant staff cutbacks occur and how they should be addressed. In my opinion one of the most difficult challenges faced by HR management when significant staff cutbacks occur is having to lay off fellow co-workers that do not deserve to lose their jobs. When laying off part of your work force you have to find a way to get the same amount of work done but with less people. This is very hard because once a layoffs occur other workers tendRead MoreThe Act Of Treating Or Considering Or Making A Difference1486 Words   |  6 Pagesinappropriate jokes, insults, or poster and/or picture that offends an individual because of one’s race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or national origin. The acts of discrimination is illegal under the federal law called Title VII under the Civil Rights Acts of 1964. According to the, U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, defines that it is illegal to discriminate against someone on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionRead MoreBusiness Ethics For Human Resource Management1309 Words   |  6 Pages By Shehan Perera (100684161) Ethics in HRM suggests the treatment of employees with common decency and justice. Ethical business practices contributes to the long and short term business objectives as the employees will feel motivated thus they will work efficiently and effectively . The conduct of ethics in HRM fundamentally deals with the affirmative moral obligations of the employer directed towards employees to maintain equality and equity justice. Common areas of HRM in the ethicalRead MoreDiscrimination And Diversity1285 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination comes in many forms. Discrimination and diversity are closely linked considering the reasons behind discrimination are what makes up the definition of diversity. Not only is discrimination made against gender, race, and religion, but it is also made of age, disabilities, appearance and in a lot of cases, women who are pregnant too. This is very much a reality for many employers. There are laws protecting acts of discrimination. This topic is so s ensitive, that many employers implementRead MoreDiscrimination Is An Illegal Act1660 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination is an illegal act that happens in Corporate America every day. Workplace discrimination can result from unfair treatment because of an employee’s race, disability, gender, ethnicity, national origin and sexuality. The Workplace Discrimination Prevention Manual is a guide that helps identify and prevent common types of workplace discrimination. The Prevention manual gives an overview of employment discrimination laws and tips on how managers can identify common biased behaviors. BeingRead MoreRegents of the University of California v. Bakke1203 Words   |  5 PagesCalifornia V. Bakke (1978) Issue Involved: Reverse Discrimination/The Constitutionality and Limitations of Affirmative Action Background on Affirmative Action: Definition of Affirmative Action: â€Å"A set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future.† Cornell University Law School March 6, 1961: John F. Kennedy signs Executive Order 10925 Sec. 301 (Paragraph 1):

The, By Maureen O Connell And What Is Social Imaginary

In a community where enthocentrism is a prominent issue, the realization of its harm is greatly overlooked in many cases. This is very prominent when dealing with the unification of two people practicing the same religion but coming from different cultural backgrounds. An issue recently presented itself when two Muslims wanted to get married but their different cultural backgrounds created an obstacle for them. In Islam, it is decreed that a Muslim may marry another Muslim, regardless of their ethnicity or cultural backgrounds. This specific community, the families of both Muslims are in disagreement with the marriage due to their differences in cultural backgrounds. Using the scared texts Compassion and Politically Dangerous Discipleship by Maureen O’Connell and What is Social Imaginary by Charles Taylor, the community can look at the ideas presented about compassion/desire and common good in relation to social imaginaries that may be upheld within a community. Maureen O†™Connell provides ample information concerning the idea of passion in the sacred text Compassion and Politically Dangerous Discipleship. O’Connell presents us with the philosophy studied by Augustine of Hippo. Augustine essentially emphasized the spirit over the body. In fact, On Christian Doctrine, Augustine argues that the â€Å"counsel of compassion† natures a particular kind of wisdom that enables compassionate people to see God more clearly and love God more fully (O’Connell, 73-74). Through compassion,

Odyssey and Odysseus Dead Crew Free Essays

Glory! In Homer’s 8th century BC epic poem The Odyssey and Sophocles’ 3rd century play Antigone, the leaders Odysseus and Creon display both similar and different leadership qualities. Odysseus is a leader of a crew he’s taking back home from a journey, but has many unexpected encounters on the way back. Creon is the heir to Oedpius’ thrown, and is King of Thebes. We will write a custom essay sample on Odyssey and Odysseus Dead Crew or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both are important, however Creon proves to be the better King, seeing as Odysseus’ crew dies. The qualities of both leaders are what in turn lead to their results. Odysseus must lead his men back to Ithaca. Along the way they stop at an island where all his men are enchanted by fruits. He must do all he can to get them to return to the ship. In another encounter Odysseus’ dead crew member’s soul comes back and talks to Odysseus. He asks him to give his body a proper burial. Odysseus does this proving that he is not only loyal to his crew, but to his word as well. Odysseus however learns of a prophecy, one, which tells that if, his men eat the cattle on the island of Helios they will die. He cannot prevent his men from eating these cattle and they all suffer for their actions. They all die, and Odysseus fails as a leader. Creon’s takes an interesting approach to his leadership. He is stubborn and compassionate, hot and cold. Creon vows to do everything for the people, and anybody who breaks the law breaks his heart. Creon also makes numerous threats to the criminal who would dare to burry the betraying brother. But when he discovers that his own niece Antigone, his own flesh and blood, is the one defiling the law, he cannot stand it. His whole world starts to deteriorate and he cannot stop it before its too late. How to cite Odyssey and Odysseus Dead Crew, Papers

Hospitality Industry Products and Process Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality Industry for Products and Process Innovation. Answer: Introduction According to McManus (2013), with a growth in the population, the Australian hospitality industry makes it to list of fastest growing industries in the world. In addition to offering employment to more than 270,000 residents of the nation It sufficiently contributes to the country`s national revenue. The hospitality industry is mainly divided into three different categories of accommodation, food and tourism sectors. In comparison to the other segments of the hospitality industry, the food market has been effectively providing the crowd with products and services that meet their needs. Business giants successfully capture market opportunities and focus on social welfare at the same time. Also, a continuous development of production techniques allows Australia to diversify in goods. Moreover, the nation marks its way into being among the top ten wine producing countries in the world. Financial reports prove there has been a remarkable increment in the manufacturing of food and beverages (Food Beverage, 2016). Being surrounded by three oceans Australia faces a broad climate difference from the rest of the world which enables a vast range produce. The friendly and the easily adaptable nature of the workforce along with the specialized skills are achieved by the food and beverage industry with the help of the enhanced education and training system implemented by the government. The project takes into consideration a theory of competitive advantage and value change analysis used by business managers to meet their company goals and objectives. Further, the report analyses Sydney`s market competition and studies the menu engineering strategies practiced by food and beverage companies to maximize profits. Also, a detailed study of the business and its relationship with competitive advantage and value change policies has also been included. Competitive advantage and Value chain research In modern business world, profitability of a company greatly depends on an efficient marketing mix and smooth functioning. Despite of a remarkable success of the FB industry the country has recently faced competitions from international markets. As stated by Mabry (2012), the concept of competitive advantage can be defined as the factors that enable a company to manufacture products and services at a comparatively lower price and in a more appealing manner for consumers. A business plan based on such conditions enable a organisation to emerge superior to its rival companies. Typically, the policy of competitive advantage include a array of factors like cost framework, brand royalty, diversification of products, channels of distribution and consumer service. In terms of a sustainable future and an advantage over competitors a firm significantly depends on a strong competitive advantage strategy. The Australian FB industry divides the policy into two types, comparative and differential schemes. On the other hand a value chain analysis refers to extensive activities that a company undergoes to conceive a final product and sell the good to a consumer (Ni Mhurchu, et al. 2013). It is the duty of business managers to study every production step immensely and bring in changes as and when required to lower total production cost and thereby increase profits. Australian leading companies like Fonterra and Lion Nathan distributes the manufacturing procedure into five broad categories each of which provides an opportunity for the firm to maximize capabilities and set up a proportional relationship to competitive advantage. The practice of competitive advantage mix promotes the idea of selling products at a cheap cost to achieve a higher revenue surplus. Residents of Australia aim to maximise utility and cost value of a good. In relation to Weissman (2014), cheap costing substitutes offered by companies attract a wide range of consumers and also eventually meet stakeholder`s expectations. Competition in food and beverage industry (Sydney) The food and beverage industry in the hospitality sector of Australia is one of the most competitive areas. The competition nature of the FB industry in Sydney refers to the dynamic external system in which the organization operates. The competition of the food and beverage industry increases as the number of sellers increases who offers similar kind of goods and services to customers. In Sydney, there are a number of fast food centres for the customers to choose from that enhances the competitiveness in the market. There are two types of competitive nature prevailing in the food and beverage industry of Sydney which are the direct competition and the indirect competition. In the direct competition the competitors offers and sells products and services that are of similar kind. The Parmalat and the Goodman Fielder operates in the direct competitive nature. Confronting to Hollensen (2015), in case of an indirect competitive environment, the competitors of the food and beverage industry in Sydney compete with one another even though they offer different products and services to the customers. The products provided by the competitors are close substitutes for each other which cause the competition as the companies try to retain more of the customers so as to prevent the customers from switching the brand. In the food and beverage industry of Sydney, the companies intend to differentiate the products and services offered by them to increase the sales and revenue of the enterprise. According to Lammers Ryll (2016), the food and beverage sectors retail food and beverage merchandise from the locations that are from the fixed point of sale. The organizations involve the use of specialized equipments such as freezers, refrigerators and other gadgets for the business. Moreover, the staffs of the organization are trained in order to achieve the objective of healthy and safe storage and sanitary conditions. However, the food and beverage industry in Sydney has been facing increased competition and the price pressure in the business. There has been lower shelf price and increase in the price of the commodity experienced by the ingredient suppliers and the food makers in the industry. As per PhiIlipov (2015), the cost challenge is met by the food and beverage firms by achieving a critical mass via consolidation and higher economies of scale. The companies are able to build a stronger position in the competitive market by gaining the leverage. This further helps the company to deal with the high demand of the customers. The food and beverage industry in Sydney serves the needs of the customers through industry specific solutions. The organizations operates in the overall supply chain that includes all the processes from development to delivery. Management of companies innovates and develops the IT system in order to meet the challenges in the competitive market of food and beverage industry in Sydney (Green et al., 2015). Majority of the organizations in the industry uses the ERP system to support the streamline planning, future forecasting and the accounting system to ensure better productivity of the business. Therefore, it can be stated that although the food and beverage industries in Sydney confronts a high competitive nature, it is able to deal with the competitive nature effectively. Value Chain analysis and Competitive Advantage in Australian FB companies According to Soosay, Fearne Dent (2012), the value chain analysis is a tool that is used by the bars and the up-markets in Australia in order to identify the primary and the other organizational activities that help to add values to the finished or the final products of the companies. The value chain analysis contributes to analyzing the actions of the organizations in order to minimize the cost of the products and maximize the product differentiation that is required to sustain in the competitive market. The value chain analysis includes all the internal activities involved in transforming the inputs into desirable outputs. The supply chain of the bars and the upmarket restaurants is an evolving shopping process. The provision of the products and services are regulated by the demand of the products from the customers. It has been mentioned that the chain operates efficiently and there is a proper balance in the ordering of the final product. As stated in Grunert, Traill (2012), factors like product, place, promotion and price or the 4P theory plays a major role in the illustration of these concepts in the bars and upmarket restaurants operating in Australia. The products offered by the firm needs to be developed through strategic ideas such that the customers are able to understand how and when to spend the money. Therefore, the menu needs to be designed based on the customer wants and this can be effectively achieved through proper market research. The price of the products set by the bars and the upmarket needs to be competitive and within the affordable range of the customers. As per Ho, Yang Hung (2015), customers prefer good quality food within the nominal budget. Therefore, the companies need to develop products that are cost effective to reduce the price of the outputs. Choosing the correct place with a view of selling the products has to be decided correctly. The products need to be sold in the areas in larger amount where the number of the potential customers is high. A menu of the restaurants must be set based on the taste, preference, and culture of the clients in the particular place. The primary objective of advertisement and promotion is to reach out to more customers by making them aware of the products and the services offered by the organizations (Cadez Guilding, 2012). Effective promotion can lead to increase in the sales and revenue of the bars and upmarket restaurant in Australia. Firms like Lion, Dick Smith Ltd and De Bortoli emphasize the implementation of well organized promotional techniques to attract customers. Large corporations enjoy a broad range of competitive advantage over their rivals. Also, it with high skilled management and a enlargement of restaurant chains Attica and Bills effectively add value to their brands. The success of a beverage company depends heavily on a theory of VC analysis. Being among the leading exporters of wines, Australian companies are significantly influenced by the international market. A fluency of communication between several high turnover companies enables domestic firms to increase managerial efficiency and lea rn about new production techniques. According to Hatch Howland (2015), it is the people of the nation who benefit the most from the extensive competition within brands. On the other hand mediocre companies like Mars and Bindaree Beef focus more on the process of outbound logistics. Delivering of goods, pricing and after sales service are of great importance to them. While, Nelson Wines, Treasury Estates, Casella and several other high yielding beverage companies harness the theory of Economic Moat. Furthermore, in recent years the wine industry has presented a significant rise with an export of 263ml of high quality wine mainly to UK (Piankova, 2014). Menu Engineering Australian FB brands discreetly analyse the popularity of their offered products and arrange them accordingly for a better profit generation. The strategy of menu engineering is practised by companies with a simple goal to maximise annual turnover. A well organised arrangement of food and beverage items can escalate a restaurant`s profits by 10%-15% on a daily basis. According to Theng Loo (2012), it is the duty of a brands management to study the customer demands and execute changes when requires. Typically the process of menu-engineering is divided into four segments of costing, categorizing, designing and testing. Australian restaurants primarily focus on the preliminary step of product costing to attract customers. In adherence to Linassi, Alberton Marinho (2016), it can be seen most of the FB companies do not carry the costing of their menu effectively. Categorizing of items on the menu and an attracting design are equally important to conduct a well-developed menu construction . Finally, company supervisors test the customers response to the newly implemented menu. With the help of popularity information of the several offered products, managers subdivide the menu into four different segments of horse (highly popular with small profits), star (high revenue from increased popularity), dog (less popular resulting low yield) and puzzle (large earnings from shallow popularity). Also, upmarket restaurants and bars in Australia feed on the peoples psychology and an efficient management system to build up an active menu order. FB industry giants emphasize the need for carrying out the process of menu-engineering by a single person who is always in contact with the visitors and energetically take part in company decisions. A successful designing and exercising of this strategy enhances cost minimisation and thereby affects profit ratio. According to Reale Flint (2016), in addition to an immense study of customer behaviours and their different buying patterns, supervisors often seek the help of restaurant specialists and menu advisors when it comes to designing and promoting of the menu card. The removing of currency signs as a prefix to product process in one of the advancement that provoked better earnings. Often restaurants invoke the need for a better promotion by introducing combo plans and highlighting items that need to be sold most in the menu. Moreover, the presentation element also plays a vital role in affecting a consumer`s decision. As opined by Smith Pititto (2014), increased visual, alignment of prices and a diversification of designing patterns are some of the important factors that influence visitors. Menu card as such of Fonterra and Accolade Wines act as examples to other food and beverage companies and also have proved a noticeable increment of 60% profit margin. In addition, the concepts of Happy Hours and House Specials have sufficiently gained a better reaction of the Australian people (Guy, 2016). Further, an inclusion of product description creates an increased hunger and desire. The prosperity of a company greatly depends on a restaurants or bar s ability to understand the feedbacks of their targeted customers and undergo changes as and when required. According to Lang Heasman (2015), flexibility in production pricing and adaptability to the environment greatly affects profitability of a firm. Analysing the current situation of the Australian market, organisations need to work in a more efficient way to a secure a more sustainable future and to gain a better competitive advantage. Conclusion The food and beverage industry form a major part of the Australian market concerning investments. Since the development and introduction of new policies and strategies by the government and companies, the nation's FB industry has proved to offer tempting long-term returns with a comparatively less amount of risk than other industry segments. Along with stability, companies in this industry are highly creative in nature. A constant evolution of products, pricing and marketing strategies provide brands with a sense of competitive advantage. Furthermore, the study of value chain structure and its implication by restaurants and bars provides a better growth opportunity for business firms. Australia being a developed country and highly adaptive in nature faces an immense competition at the international as well as domestic levels. The restaurants deal in the same line of product and often in order to attract more customers focus on developing best quality substitute goods. From the above report, it can be inferred that for a sustainable future organizations need to continuously keep an eye for undertaking new developments in the functioning. Business giants in addition to fulfilling revenue requirements also put a spotlight on attending to societal welfare. Being among the top ten exporters of wine, the government of the country takes deep interest in providing beverage companies with a number of facilities to gain better knowledge about the taste and preferences of the world. Analyzing the Australian FB industry and intensely studying its determinants it can be concluded that with an effective managerial efficiency and a practice of menu-engineering brands aim to accomplish the target of becoming the worlds one of the most dominating and influential sectors. References Cadez, S., Guilding, C. (2012). Strategy, strategic management accounting and performance: A configurational analysis.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(3), 484-501. doi:10.1108/02635571211210086 Food Beverage. (2016).Foodmag.com.au. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://foodmag.com.au/ Green, R., Agarwal, R., Brown, P. J., Bajada, C., Shashnov, M. (2015). Innovation Capability and the Food Beverage and agri-business sectors. Grunert, K. G., Traill, B. (2012).Products and process innovation in the food industry. Springer Science Business Media. Guy, S. (2016). Wine australia: Exporting australian fine wine to the world.Wine Viticulture Journal,31(1), 9. Hatch, N. W., Howland, C. (2015, January). When Does Competitive Advantage Improve Customer Welfare?. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 18091). Academy of Management. Ho, C. T. B., Yang, J. M. D., Hung, C. S. V. (2015). 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Ni Mhurchu, C., Vandevijvere, S., Waterlander, W., Thornton, L. E., Kelly, B., Cameron, A. J.INFORMAS. (2013). Monitoring the availability of healthy and unhealthy foods and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ alcoholic beverages in community and consumer retail food environments globally.Obesity Reviews,14(S1), 108-119. doi:10.1111/obr.12080 PhiIlipov, M. (2015). Food TV: An effective strategy for food and beverage marketing?Food Australia,67(4), 31-34. Piankova, O. (2014). food and beverage brand development: Global trends and directions for ukraine.Economics Sociology,7(2), 149. Reale, S., Flint, S. W. (2016). The impact of menu label design on visual attention, food choice and recognition: An eye tracking study: FOOD CHOICE.Journal of Sensory Studies,31(4), 328-340. doi:10.1111/joss.12216 Smith, L., Pititto, T. (2014). M and A activity in the food and beverage sector.Food Australia,66(4), 24-27. Soosay, C., Fearne, A., Dent, B. (2012). Sustainable value chain analysis-A case study of Oxford Landing from vine to dine.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 68-77. Theng Loo, P. (2012).Food and beverage management for the hospitality, tourism and event industriesTaylor Francis Group. doi:10.1080/13032917.2012.664067 Weissman, A. (2014). What fuels australian ambition? food.Travel Weekly,73(3), 12.

Sons of liberty free essay sample

The Sons of Liberty used their power and influence to manipulate popular opinion, thereby inciting the public to act against the laws and control of England. They were one of the most influential groups behind the American Revolution. The start of the Sons of Liberty is something off mystery. The group always met in secret and it is disputed where it all began. Some say it started in New York and some will say under the leadership of Samuel Adams the Boston chapter was first.One thing is certain though, they all had the same goal, to organize public opinion and coordinate patriotic actions against Great Britain. The Sons of Liberty met at night so not to attract the British soldiers and to keep their activities secret until they felt it was time to make them public. One of the main reasons the groups were started was to protest and campaign against the Stamp Act. That was just the start of what the group would protest against and continue to fight for liberty against Britain.The Sons of Liberty name actually came from a speech given to parliament by Colonel Isaac Bare, the behavior of Britains officials toward Americans on any occasions has caused the blood of those Sons of Liberty to recoil within theml, which wasnt intended to imply disloyalty towards the crown but when word got back to the colonies and they saw his words they used them to their benefit. Bare made it known he thought it was ridiculous Americans owed Britain any money and the debt they now had from the Seven Years War was Britains responsibility.Britain, however, was still moving forward with the Stamp Act. Parliament was passing the measure to promote imperial security and prosperity throughout the colonies. Many colonists greed with Bare and when word came back that Britain was in fact following through with the tax, the Sons of Liberty started to get stronger. There were meeting throughout the colonies, one of the key meetings happening in New York. Sons of Liberty members, John Lamb, Gresham Motto, Isaac Sears, Thomas Robinson, and William Wiley were appointed a Committee of Correspondence.Newspapers and writings were important to the groups cause and the goal was to let printers and publishers know to stay open and not pay the tax on paper and they would have support behind them. Some till closed when the tax was getting near but a good majority joined the Sons of Libertys cause. The strength of publishers and printers behind them the group started to abandon some of its secrecy and started publishing things in newspapers. News was spreading quickly and before anyone realized it there were Sons of Liberty chapters in every colony. The Stamp Act of 1 765 was passed to ease the debt on Britain due to the Sevens Year War.The tax was a tax on all newspapers and documents. The tax did not sit well with the colonies. There was opposition to the tax right from the start. The Sons of Liberty were defiant and started their protests right away. Once they had the public support they could set up rallies and protests. The act was supposed to take effect November 1st 1765. Many publishers and printers shut down when the date was near, however, the publishers and printers with the Sons of Liberty kept running. The goal of the Sons was to stir up the emotions of the masses which they did through newspapers and handouts.The printings were helpful because they could let people know where they were meeting and when. They could set up rallies and protests much easier. The Sons of Liberty were not a violent group but it wasnt something they would shy away from if they wanted to get their point across. For example tar and feathering was known to happen on occasion. They used the power of the masses to get what they wanted. The protests they had, attracted thousands of people. They would march through the streets with an effigy of the stamp agent hanging from a rope or marching on the houses of the agents with subtle threats not to do their jobs.Throughout the colonies this seemed to be working. Many agents resigned or skipped town before the act was to take effect. One of the key events took place in New York where over two thousand people gathered when they found out the stamps Were landing. The Sons sent a letter to the governor and while they were waiting for a response the British on the ship were so scared they left the stamps on the boat fearful to unload them. The governor was steered in the right direction and the stamps never made it to their destination, actually being burned. The Stamp Act never took effect on November 1st and was considered a small victory for the Sons of Liberty and the colonies. Even though they had failed tit the Stamp Act Britain still tried to put legislation into effect against the colonies. Knowing they would have a fight on their hands every step of the way the British would do things differently over the next few years. In 1768 troops were sent into Boston to protect the officials appointed by the king. This did not sit well with the colonists or with the Sons Of Liberty. On March 5, 1 770, depending on what you read, the account of what happened in Boston on that fateful day varies.A British guard standing at his post started to have insults thrown his way. He ignored the person but the louder that person got the more people came and then more soldiers came. Fifty or so people were gathered before you knew it. The soldiers were surrounded. No one knows who fired the shot but when the dust settled and the guns stopped firing, three people were dead and two wounded. Those two would die later of their wounds. The public was outraged, but the governor promised justice. The soldiers were arrested and brought to trial where 6 were acquitted and two found guilty but given suspended sentence and shipped back to Britain. One interesting fact is that Sons of Liberty member John Adams was the defense attorney for the soldiers. His explanation was that he was doing it on principle and was not doing it because he had sympathy for their cause. No one wanted any backlash from Britain accusing the colonies of not giving the British soldiers a fair trial. The fight for independence rallied on as the troops were removed from Boston. As public support continued to grow and colonist unrest continued to rise against Britain, the Sons of Liberty impact grew stronger and their tactics became more daring and inflammatory.Three years after the massacre in Boston another key event would take place to strengthen the fight for independence. The Boston Tea Party, the night was December 16th, 1773. Once again British Parliament was going to try and tax the colonies for tea, so they passed the Tea Act. As you can guess this was met with much resistance and the colonies were not going to accept it. The Sons of Liberty did what they did best. Through newspapers and pamphlets they got peoples attention. Once again Britain was going to try and tax them without any representation in Parliament. No taxation without representation was the battle cry for this cause.People heard about the tax while the ships were en route and when they arrived people were ready. As the Sons did before they flexed their muscle and got tea agents to either quit or resign before the tea even got here. Three colonies turned the boats back and Britain not thinking the colonists would destroy the tea, let the boat bound for Boston head into port. The governor holding his ground wanting the taxes to be collected told the tea agents to not back down. Easy to say when you are not the one on he docks dealing with hundreds of people protesting and threatening you.Research shows of at least two meetings being held on how to deal with the ships in port, the second one being held by Samuel Adams on December 16th. The key point in the meeting came when a note was read that the governor was not backing down and still was holding the ships in port to collect the tax. The meeting broke up shortly after that. Not too long after a group of thirty to one hundred men dressed like Indians stormed the ships and started to unload the tea into the water. Tea that was thrown onto the socks was crushed and kicked into the water.